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Sanctuary
During 1981 an area of 325.92 Km2 surrounding Machu Picchu was declared a "Historical Sanctuary" of Peru. This area, which is not limited to the ruins themselves, too includes the regional landscape with its fauna and flora, highlighting the abundance of orchids.
One theory maintains that Machu Picchu was an Incan "llacta": a settlement built up to control the economy of the conquered regions and that it may have been built with the purpose of protecting the most select of the Incan aristocracy in the event of an attack.
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Based on research conducted by scholars such as Richard Burger and John Rowe, most archaeologists now believe that, rather than a defensive retreat, Machu Picchu was an estate of the Inca emperor Pachacuti.
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